Vijayalakshmi, S.
Pandey, Binay Kumar
Pandey, Digvijay
Lelisho, Mesfin Esayas
Article History
Received: 25 February 2025
Accepted: 10 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilized the MIAS dataset, a publicly available repository of anonymized mammogram images collected under ethical clearance by the original data providers. The images are fully de-identified and contain no personal health information. As the study did not involve direct interaction with patients or access to confidential clinical data, no additional ethical approval or consent was required for this work. The dataset was accessed solely for academic and research purposes in accordance with its terms of use.