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Article History

Received: 26 March 2024

Accepted: 11 June 2025

First Online: 18 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work and for ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The Ethics Committee of Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Shanghai, China) approved this collection procedure and participants gave informed consent. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations for human studies. Animal experiments were performed under a project license granted by ethics board of Second Military Medical University, in compliance with Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School guidelines for the care and use of animals. The maximal tumor size was less than 2000 mm3 permitted the the Animal Care and Use ethics committee of the Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The maximal tumor size in all mice involved in this study was not exceeded than 2000 mm3. The study was carried out in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines.