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Authors
Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba
Sahab-Negah, Sajad
Nili, Sairan
Mangolian shahrbabaki, Parvin
Ansari-moghaddam, Alireza
Fereidouni, Mohammad
Heidarzadeh, Abtin
Enayatrad, Mostafa
Mahdavi, Sepideh
Aliyari, Roqayeh
Fateh, Mansooreh
Khajeha, Hamidreza
Emamian, Zahra
Behmanesh, Elahe
Sheibani, Hossein
Abbaszadeh, Maryam
Jafari, Reza
Valikhani, Maryam
Binesh, Ehsan
Vahedi, Hamid
Shabestari, Sahar
Chaman, Reza
Sharifi, Hamid
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (99135, 140068)
Vice-chancellery for research and technology at Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (2302)
World Health Organization (2021/1169483-0, 2022/1217943-1)
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2024
Accepted: 11 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Ethics Committee of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran approved the study protocol (Reference Number: IR.SHMU.REC.1400.012), and all the study procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For participants under 16 years of age, informed consent was also obtained from their respective parent(s)/guardian(s) as well. All study data were securely stored in the protected databases of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. Data analysis was performed using anonymized datasets only. All telephone interviews were conducted through a centralized call center at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, with data collection strictly limited to the predefined study variables.
: Not applicable.
