Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Mohammed, Mustapha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-1610
Zainal, Hadzliana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-4824
Ong, Siew Chin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-9588
Tangiisuran, Balamurugan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4354-3342
Aziz, Fatimatuzzahra Abdul
Sha’aban, Abubakar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-2390
Abubakar, Usman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7549-2877
Sidek, Norsima Nazifah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-7661
Looi, Irene https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5410
Aziz, Zariah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-256X
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2021/SKK06/USM/02/19)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 28 August 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was registered with the National Medical Research Register (NMRR) of Malaysia under registration number NMRR-19-3846-52122(IIR) and was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) of the Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia, with approval number KKM/NIHSEC/P20-307(6). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Medical Research and Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, waived the requirement for obtaining informed consent.
