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Authors
Martvel, George
Zamansky, Anna
Pedretti, Giulia
Canori, Chiara
Shimshoni, Ilan
Bremhorst, Annika
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Data Science Research Center, University of Haifa
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (3_220607 / 1)
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study used publicly available datasets and previously collected data. Specifically, for the DogFLW, we utilized the Stanford Dogs Dataset105 and for further experiments, data from Bremhorst et al.23. The experiment of Bremhorst et al. was approved by the College of Science Research Ethics Committee, University of Lincoln (UK) (UID CoSREC304) and complies with the “Guidelines for the Treatment of Animals in Behavioural Research and Teaching” of the Association for the Study of Animal Behavior (ASAB). This study did not collect new data involving human or animal subjects, so ethical approval or informed consent was not required. All analyses adhere to the terms of use of the respective datasets.
