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Article History

Received: 1 May 2024

Accepted: 13 June 2025

First Online: 2 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: We confirm that informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardians. Ethical approval (Ref. Med. 2022/14) was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at An-Najah National University in Nablus, the West Bank, Palestine.

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) prior to data collection. To ensure that participants were fully informed and their rights were protected, the following steps were taken to obtain informed consent: 1. Explanation of the Study: One of the authors visited with prospective volunteers to provide a comprehensive explanation of the study’s goals, methods, and purpose. Prior to their decision to participate, participants had the chance to clarify any confusion and ask questions. 2. Confidentiality Measures: All acquired data was anonymised to preserve participant privacy. To identify their paper questionnaire and any related data, participants was given a unique code. This function made sure that no names or other identifying information was connected to the data. No one else was able to link the data to the participant’s identity, and only they had access to their code. 3. Voluntary Participation and Written Consent: Study participation was optional. In order to affirm their acceptance to participate, participants had to sign a consent box in the last portion of the questionnaire. The participant’s data was not included in the study if the consent box was not signed. These measures ensured that the study adhered to ethical standards and that participants’ autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality were respected at all times.

: These measures ensured that the study adhered to ethical standards and that participants’ autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality were respected at all times.