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Authors
Li, Juanli
Feng, Chengyu
Ma, Xuanlong
Wu, Duo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42171150, 42171150, 42171150, 42171150)
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2024
Accepted: 13 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilized fully anonymized data that cannot be linked to any individual and does not involve human experimentation, therefore no ethical risks are present. The requirement for ethical approval and informed consent was formally waived by the Academic Committee of the College of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Lanzhou University. All research processes and experimental methods strictly adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines and regulations.
