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Authors
Mastour, Haniye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-0998
Dehghani, Toktam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3931-2880
Moradi, Ehsan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-6963
Eslami, Saeid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-1212
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Education (994079)
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2025
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 3 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures aligned with the Research Ethics Committees of the National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Education and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran (; Approval ID: IR.NASRME.REC.1400.029 and IR.MUMS.REC.1399.573; Approval Date: 2021-05-23 and 2021-01-16). The study design involved no experimental interventions with participants, with all datasets maintained in an anonymized format following removal of direct identifiers. All procedures conducted in this study followed the ethical standards set forth by the Iran National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research.
