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Authors
Song, Binglin
Liu, Ping
Liu, Chun
Fu, Kangrui
Zheng, Xiangde
Liu, Ying
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2025
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Due to the retrospective nature of this study and the de-identified, publicly accessible MIMIC-IV database, the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) waived the requirement for informed consent. Additionally, since the data is de-identified and publicly available, no additional ethical approval is required for the use of MIMIC-IV data in China.
