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Article History

Received: 4 November 2024

Accepted: 16 June 2025

First Online: 2 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study utilized routinely collected health data that was pseudoanonymized and conducted without informed consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the NRES Committee North West – Preston (Project Number: 14/NW/1136), which authorized the use of data without requiring informed consent. All procedures adhered to the principles outlined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki.

: Since the data were collected retrospectively and were pseudo-anonymized for analysis, the local ethics committee (NRES Committee Northwest Preston, project number 14/NW/1136) waived the requirement for informed consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.