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Authors
Goswami, Shravana
Kumar, Ujjwal
Qureshi, Qamar
Jhala, Yadvendradev
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Tiger Conservation Authority (YVJ/WII/PH-IV-KTP/NTCA/78, YVJ/WII/PH-IV-KTP/NTCA/78, YVJ/WII/PH-IV-KTP/NTCA/78, YVJ/WII/PH-IV-KTP/NTCA/78)
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Article History
Received: 3 January 2025
Accepted: 18 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was based solely on non-invasive observational methods. All observations were conducted in the animals’ natural habitat without any physical contact, handling, or interference with the animals. No experimental procedures were performed on live animals. Hence, ARRIVE guidelines, was not applicable to this study. The study complies with the ethical standards for wildlife research as approved by the Chief Wildlife Warden, under Permit No. Serial No./D.M.II/Research-213/9027.
