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Authors
Mi, Wei
Hao, Yi-Han
Wan, Ming-Guan
Zhang, Jia-Le
Huang, Hao-Ming
Song, Chen-Ze
He, Qi-Jing
Fan, Nai-Yuan
Yao, Xue
Chen, Cai-Yun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yantai Social Science Planning Research Project (YTSK2025-190)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Project (202412070222)
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Article History
Received: 15 March 2025
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The baseline and follow-up surveys of CHARLS were obtained from the Peking University Ethics Review Board (IRB00001052-11015) approval, and all respondents signed an informed consent form. ELSA is a longitudinal cohort study approved by the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee London (reference number: 09/H0718/11). All participants in the original ELSA study provided written informed consent prior to data collection, in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
