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Authors
Chiku, Yoshiaki
Hirano, Takao
Ito, Shun
Akahane, Keita
Murata, Toshinori
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Declarations
:
: Takao Hirano received personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K., Bayer, Canon, Kowa Pharmaceutical, Senju Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, and Santen Phar-maceutical. Toshinori Murata received personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K., Bayer, Canon, Kowa Pharmaceutical, Senju Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, and Santen Pharmaceutical. Other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: This study was a retrospective review of hospital medical records and was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Suwa Red Cross Hospital (approval no. 4-3). Informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee, as the research involved a retrospective analysis of de-identified patient data without any intervention that would affect patient care. In line with the ethics committee’s directives, an opt-out option was made available on the hospital’s website.
