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Article History

Received: 31 January 2025

Accepted: 23 June 2025

First Online: 8 July 2025

Declarations

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: We declare that we have no financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work and that we have no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in or the review of this manuscript.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards specified by the School of Educational Technology at Northwest Normal University. All procedures involving human participants were duly approved by the same institution. Additionally, written informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.

: The ethical aspects of this study involve conducting experiments using speech corpus and inviting experts for evaluation. Participants were informed that their data would be used for research purposes and that results might be published. We have taken measures to ensure that no personal information of the participants will be disclosed in any published materials, including the use of anonymization techniques and the removal of personally identifiable information.

: Prior to the commencement of the study, a thorough risk assessment was conducted to identify potential harm to participants. Based on this assessment, mitigation strategies were implemented to minimize risks. For example, participants were provided with detailed information about the study’s procedures, potential risks, and their rights as research subjects. Participants were also allowed to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.

: All data collected during the study was stored in a secure, password-protected database accessible only to authorized researchers. The data was anonymized to protect participants’ identities, and all personal identifiers were removed before analysis. Measures were taken to ensure that the data was handled in accordance with local data protection laws and regulations.

: We acknowledge the importance of fairness, accountability, and transparency in AI research. Therefore, we have taken steps to ensure that our algorithms and models are designed to minimize bias and promote equitable outcomes. This includes conducting bias audits, implementing fairness constraints, and making our research methods and results publicly available to facilitate reproducibility and scrutiny by the wider research community.