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Authors
Zhao, Zhichao
Huang, Fangfang
Shen, Jiaqi
Lv, Wenqian
Huang, Yabo
Pan, Jiale
Shen, Ting
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2024
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The use of the MIMIC database for research purposes has been approved by the Committee on the Use of Human Subjects (COUHES) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and no additional ethical approval was required for this study. The data used in this study were de-identified, i.e., all personal health information (PHI) was removed or encrypted to protect patient privacy. Therefore, this retrospective analysis did not require informed consent from individual patients.
