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Article History

Received: 11 February 2025

Accepted: 23 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was approved by the Academic Committee of the Flight Branch of Civil Aviation University of China on July 21, 2024, and was conducted under its supervision. All human participant procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were fully informed of the study’s aims, potential risks, and data anonymization, and provided consent prior to participation. Data were anonymized during collection and will remain confidential and secure, accessible only to the research team.

: All participants in this survey were thoroughly informed about the research content and voluntarily chose to participate, fully understanding the potential risks and the confidentiality measures in place. Data collection was conducted anonymously, ensuring no personal information was disclosed. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without any conditions.