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Authors
Popova, Lucy
Cham, Bai
Massey, Zachary B.
Tran, Thi Phuong Thao
Alqahtani, Mohammed M.
Fairman, Robert T.
Luo, Ruiyan
Weaver, Scott R.
Ashley, David L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and US Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products (R01DA047397)
the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust (TSET; STCST00400_FY25)
the OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center through an NCI Cancer Center Support Grant (P30CA225520)
the National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA057395)
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Declarations
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: Dr. Ashley has received funds for work done for the World Health Organization Tobacco Free Initiative, as a consultant for Pfizer and McKing Consulting, Inc. (Atlanta, GA, USA), as an employee of Cherokee National Operational Systems, and as a Special Government Employee of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Other authors declare no competing interests.
: Georgia State University’s Institutional Review Board approved the protocol (H21422). The research methods were performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).
