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Authors
Yuan, Chengxiu
Li, Hui
Zhang, Jinliang
Gao, Congcong
Wang, Zhe
Sun, Minghui
Jiang, Yan
Wang, Hankang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2019BH041)
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 24 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Approval No.: 2025S641). The need for written informed consent was formally waived by this Ethics Committee due to the retrospective nature of the study. All procedures performed in the current study involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
