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Article History

Received: 31 December 2024

Accepted: 24 June 2025

First Online: 2 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board of the Christian Medical College, Vellore (IRB No. 15363; dated 19.04.2023) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Informed consent: Since this was a retrospective study, the Institutional Review Board, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, permitted waiver of informed consent.

: Institutional review board (IRB No. 15363; dated 19.04.2023), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

: This was presented in part as a poster at the European Respiratory Society Annual Congress in Milan in 2023.