Pelloquin, Bethanie
Agossa, Fiacre
Acford-Palmer, Holly
Clark, Tiffany
Ogoma, Sheila B.
Williams, Miriam
Basosila, Narcisse
Watsenga, Francis
Metelo, Emery
Oxborough, Richard M.
Sanogo, Yibayiri Osee
Ntoya, Ferdinand
Collins, Emma
Moss, Sophie
McLoughlin, Charles
Campos, Monica
Phelan, Jody
Rowland, Mark
Walker, Thomas
Minakawa, Noboru
Manzambi, Emile Zola
Mukomena, Eric
Campino, Susana
Messenger, Louisa A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nagasaki University “Doctoral Program for World-Leading, Innovative and Smart Education” for Global Health, “Global Health Elite Programme for Building a Healthier World” (WISE) Programme
LSHTM COVID-19 Extension Fund
U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative
Article History
Received: 11 January 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 29 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare.
: The work described in this manuscript was determined to be non-human subjects’ research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Center for Global Health (CDC 2016 − 242, 2016-082). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health (University of Kinshasa), and the nationwide testing work was conducted within the remit of the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale.
: The findings and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), or U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI).