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Authors
Yang, Shuang
Luo, Wen
Yang, Tao
Chen, Xiaoying
Shen, Siyi
Wang, Lei
Zhao, Huiwen
Liu, Jun
Huang, Liping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Hospital Foundation (TJYYQ2408)
Tianjin Metrology Technology Project (2025TJMT026)
Tianjin Health Information Society Foundation (TJHIA-2023-013)
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The current study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of Tianjin Hospital (No.TJYY-2021-YLS-167) and was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research by the Chinese Government and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All study participants provided written informed consent by completing and submitting the survey.
: This study protocol was approved by the Tianjin Hospital Research Ethics Board, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants in this and subsequent experiments provided paper-submitted informed consent prior to taking part in the experiment.This study obtained the specific consent to publish the information/image(s) in an online open-access publication.
