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Authors
Ding, Wenlong
Shi, Fachao
Fang, Cunming
Fang, Caoyang
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Article History
Received: 27 February 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 8 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that none of the authors have a conflict of interest.
: The NHANES protocol has been approved by the NCHS Institutional Review Board, and this study does not contain any personally identifiable information. Therefore, the Ethics Committee of Xuancheng People’s Hospital has exempted this study from ethical approval requirements. Specifically, our study utilized a publicly available, de-identified dataset from NHANES, which has already obtained ethical approval from the NCHS. As our research involved secondary analysis of existing data without direct interaction with human subjects, the Ethics Committee of Xuancheng People’s Hospital granted an exemption from further ethical review.
