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Authors
Hussain, Maryam R.
Abdelgadir, Omer
Kuo, Yong-Fang
Canfield, Steven
Lopez, David S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Health (NIH) and National Institute on Aging (P30 AG059301)
National Cancer Institute (P30CA142543)
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP210130)
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: “The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.”. “This study used the linked SEER-Medicare database. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the sole responsibility of the authors. The authors acknowledge the efforts of the National Cancer Institute; the Office of Research, Development and Information, CMS; Information Management Services (IMS), Inc.; and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program tumor registries in the creation of the SEER-Medicare database.”
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston, Texas, USA (IRB Approval Code: 20–0237; Approval Date: September 15, 2020). Given the retrospective nature of this de-identified secondary data analysis, the IRB at UTMB approved the waiver of informed consent in accordance with the 45 CFR 46.104.
