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Article History

Received: 30 January 2025

Accepted: 27 June 2025

First Online: 7 October 2025

Change Date: 11 November 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: In the original version of this Article Ahmad Salman was incorrectly affiliated with ‘School of Computing, Skyline University College, 1797, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates’. The correct affiliation is listed here: College of Business Administration, American University in the Emirates, DIAC, PO Box 503000, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Declarations

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: The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests that could have influenced the research presented in this manuscript.

: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors have utilized the basic feature of the OpenAI’s GPT model, solely for the purpose of eliminating grammatical errors and improving the overall readability of the document. The authors have thoroughly reviewed the final manuscript and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.