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Authors
He, Yan
Yu, Jinhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China (22FXWB022)
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Accepted: 27 June 2025
First Online: 8 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical review and approval were waived for this, according to the requirements of Article 32 of the “Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Beings” (2023) of the National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, and State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: life science and medical research involving human beings that utilize legally obtained public data, or that conduct research with data generated through observation without interfering with public behavior, are exempt from ethical review.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
