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Authors
Kiel, Asja
Kliegl, Reinhold
zum Berge, Annika Hof
Schwarzenbrunner, Karl
Puta, Christian
Kullik, Lisa
Jakowski, Sarah
Kellmann, Michael
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2024
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval was obtained by the ethical committee of the Faculty of Sport Science of the Ruhr University Bochum prior to the assessment (EKS V 27/2019; 05.11.2019).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and parents of minor athletes.
