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Article History

Received: 21 February 2025

Accepted: 1 July 2025

First Online: 9 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Research Department of Jimei University on August 15 th, 2023. Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the first author’s institution.

: This study used data collected in October 2023. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. Specifically, before beginning the questionnaire, participants were presented with an introductory page explaining the purpose of the study (for academic use only), the voluntary nature of participation, and their rights (e.g., confidentiality and the option to withdraw at any time). Proceeding to complete the questionnaire was considered as providing informed consent. As the data collection was anonymous and involved minimal risk, written consent was not required.

: According to relevant laws such as the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Women’s Rights and the regional Regulations on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, this study addresses gender-related issues prioritized by the provincial women’s federation, reflecting local social policy needs.