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Article History

Received: 7 May 2025

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 6 July 2025

Declarations

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: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

: The study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Hebei Children’s Hospital (approval number: 202136). All participants were provided with a detailed description of the study, including its objectives, methods, and potential risks. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and that they had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without any penalty. Consent for publication was obtained from all participants for the use of their data and images in this study. All personal identifying information has been anonymized to protect the privacy of the participants. For participants under the age of 18, written informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee(s) and with the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013). Medical Research Ethics Committee of Hebei Children’s Hospital.