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Authors
Ahmadi Sheikhsarmast, Saba
Afshar Bahrabad, Ali
Farzaneh, Nima
Mohri, Mehrdad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-8890
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (3/52071, 3/52071, 3/52071, 3/52071)
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Article History
Received: 2 January 2025
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 6 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study did not include human subjects or client-owned animals. All cows used in the study are properties of Talise Asil and Chaltasian dairy companies, Varamin, Iran, and all sampling was performed after informed consent was obtained from the owners. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards for animal experimentation and was approved by the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Ethics Committee (3/52071). Given that this study involved animals, consent to participate was not applicable. The study followed national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals.
