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Article History

Received: 15 March 2025

Accepted: 7 July 2025

First Online: 19 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The ethical approval letter was issued by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of Wollo University’s College of Medicine and Health Sciences with reference number CMHS/655/20/16. The factory and other relevant organizations in the research area received a letter of support. The research was carried out in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki’s ethical guidelines. Prior to data collection, all participants were assured that their information would only be used for scientific research and were made aware of the study’s purpose. Prior to any data collection, each employee gave written informed consent. Participants were informed that their involvement would be completely voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time for any reason. Additionally, they were free to ask any questions they had regarding the study. By avoiding potential identifiers, such as study participants’ names, and using only identification numbers as a guide, confidentiality was preserved. During the data collection period, respondents who reported experiencing severe musculoskeletal disorders were encouraged to seek medical assistance.