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Authors
Li, Xiangying
Cui, Gang
Wang, Xuemin
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Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: NHANES data collection was approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board. All participants provided informed consent. This study used de-identified public data and complied with NHANES data usage guidelines.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all NHANES participants prior to data collection. This study uses publicly available, de-identified data from NHANES, and no additional consent was required for this secondary analysis.
: NHANES data are anonymized and publicly accessible. No individual identifiers are included in the dataset, and consent for publication was obtained during the original NHANES data collection process.
