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Article History

Received: 20 November 2024

Accepted: 7 July 2025

First Online: 21 July 2025

Declarations

:

: All the authors declare no competing interests.

: This study adhered to the standards of clinical practice and research regulations (Law of Biomedical Research 14/2007), in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. Compliance with the protection of non-public personal data of all those involved within the RGPD – UE 2016/679, LOPDGDD 3/2018 Law 41/2002 and its implementing regulations, Royal Decree 1720/2007, were enforced. This project (PI20/00413), granted by Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII; Spain), was supervised by the local ethics committee, the Research Ethical Committee of Galicia (code CEIm-G 2018/609, Galicia, Spain), and by the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Healthcare Products (AEMPS) for the use of CRC patients’ samples from CHUAC (A Coruña, Galicia, Spain). The experimental protocols were aproved by the Ethical Committee of Galicia (CEIm-G 2018/609, Galicia, Spain). Informed consent for Biobank (CHUAC, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, UNE-EN ISO 9001-2015) was signed by all individuals grouped in this study. Anonymized clinical data used during the study for CRC patients was obtained from the Galician Health Service (SERGAS). All individuals recruited in this project (cancer patients and controls) signed a formal consent form for the publication of scientific and clinical results in scientific articles.