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Passive determination of anisotropic compressive strength of 3D printed concrete using multiple neural networks enhanced with explainable machine learning (XML)

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11068-w

Published Online: 2025-12-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Iqbal, Imtiaz

Kasim, Tala

Besklubova, Svetlana

Mustafa, Ali

Rahman, Mujib

Alabduljabbar, Hisham

Ahmad, Furqan
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-12

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-16
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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 8 July 2025

First Online: 12 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGpt for the language enhancement. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the publication.

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