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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korean government (2022–0-00621)
a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (RS-2023-00262087)
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Article History
Received: 2 May 2024
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital (EUMC-2022-02-018). Given that the data are accessible to the public through the NHIS database, the need for ethical approval and informed consent was waived.
