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Authors
Zhai, Xiaohui
Rehman, Shazia
Addas, Abdullah
Liu, Qingke
Rehman, Erum
Khan, Muhammad Nasir
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU/2024/01/99520)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2024
Accepted: 9 July 2025
First Online: 19 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study proposals were reviewed and approved by the Academic Committee of Government College University Lahore, Pakistan, and study protocols were under the Declaration of Helsinki. Furthermore, preceding the data collection phase, participants were thoroughly informed about the essential details of the study, and written consent was secured from those who agreed to engage in the research before its initiation.
: The ethical approval was provided in May 2023 by the Academic Committee of Government College University Lahore, Pakistan (Approval#R-12/6532).
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
