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Article History

Received: 9 January 2025

Accepted: 9 July 2025

First Online: 15 August 2025

Declarations

:

: PP is an advisor for Boehringer-Ingelheim and received speaker’s honoraria from Infectopharm, GSK, Janssen and Oral B. The other authors have no competing interests to declare.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee I of the Heidelberg Medical Faculty on 27th of July, 2020, protocol number S-378/2020. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants through an online checkbox agreement.

: In accordance with the approval granted by the Ethics Committee I of the Heidelberg Medical Faculty, parental or guardian consent was formally waived for participation of minors in this anonymous online study. This decision was justified as follows: “Since this is an anonymous online survey and it cannot be verified whether the parents have actually given their consent by ticking the checkbox, this requirement can be waived in the present case.” (Ethics Committee I of the Heidelberg Medical Faculty, protocol number S-378/2020, statement from July-10-2020).