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Authors
Zhao, Zongren
Liu, Yu
Ji, Huanhuan
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The ethical approval and participation consent followed the Helsinki Declaration guidelines. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center review committee approved using the MIMIC-IV database. Given that the data is accessible to the public through the MIMIC-IV database, the need for ethical approval and informed consent was waived.
