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Authors
Teng, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi
Ngelayang, Emmanuel
Said, Norfarhana Md
Juliana, Norsham
Mohd Azmi, Nor Amira Syahira
Chen, Ling-Wei
Loy, See Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknologi MARA (600-RMC/YTR/5/3 (001/2022))
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/SS10/USIM/02/2; USIM/FRGS/FPSK/KPT/50323)
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee and the National Medical Research Registry (REC/01/2023 (ST/MR/17)). Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
