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Article History

Received: 6 March 2025

Accepted: 11 July 2025

First Online: 16 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study utilized data exclusively from publicly accessible sources, specifically the Iranian National Cancer Registry, without direct interaction with human participants. Consequently, individual informed consent was not required, and ethical approval was deemed unnecessary given the secondary data nature of the analysis.

: Not applicable. The research relied on anonymized, publicly available data devoid of personal identifiers, negating the need for consent. Ethical principles were rigorously adhered to, consistent with the study’s scope and data characteristics.