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Reduced IFN-γ-expressing SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T cells and transient CD8 + T cell activation associate with higher HOMA-IR 1-year post COVID-19 in obese individuals

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11714-3

Published Online: 2025-08-19

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kartika, Rona

Tahapary, Dicky Levenus

Kurniawan, Farid

Wafa, Syahidatul

Pradnjaparamita, Tika

Jochems, Simon P.

Wibowo, Heri

Subekti, Imam
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Universitas Indonesia (NKB-377/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2023)
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Article History

Received: 5 March 2025

Accepted: 11 July 2025

First Online: 19 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Decla-ration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, with reference number KET-1112/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2020 and date of approval 28 September 2020.

: Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper.

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