Xiong, Jian
Jiang, Yang
Wu, Jia-ling
Zhang, Dan
Xue, Wen-xiong
Article History
Received: 11 September 2024
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This research analyzed data downloaded from the CHARLS. The CHARLS survey protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants in the study. And the study methodology was carried out in accordance with approved guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.