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Authors
Etiang, Patrick
Kamusiime, Maureen
Wamala, Henry
Nkamwesiga, Joseph
Ainebyoona, Solomon
Abizera, Harriet
Kakuru, Mesearch
Byaruhanga, Charles
Amanyire, Wilson
Mugimba, Kizito Kahoza
Mayanja, Maureen Nanziri
Biryomumaisho, Savino
Tweyongyere, Robert
Muhanguzi, Dennis
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Germany Academic Exchange Service
Mercy Corps, Uganda (UGO1/MRT 0883/APOLOU/21, UGO1/MRT 0883/APOLOU/21)
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2024
Accepted: 15 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Makerere University School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources Institutional Animal care and Use committee [Reference number: SVARREC/32/2019] and the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology [Reference number: A 616]. We declare that all the methods used during cattle restraint, blood collection, preservation, and molecular analyses were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations as provided by the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology < > . Written Informed consent was obtained from the cattle owners before collection of cattle blood samples. This study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines ().
