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Authors
Qalati, Sikandar Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-6098
Siddiqui, Faiza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-893X
Kumari, Sonia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8272-1332
Badwy, Hanan Eid https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0786-791X
Wu, QinQin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4993-2784
Lu, MiaoMiao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research on the Economic Performance and Innovation Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises (321052320)
National Social Science Fund of China (23CJY084)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 16 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Liaocheng University’s Ethical Committee approved this study, with approval number LU-ECBS-2024-007.
: All participants and/or their legal guardians provided informed consent to participate in the study.
: The study was conducted in full accordance with all relevant ethical guidelines and institutional regulations to ensure the well-being, privacy, and rights of the participants involved.
