Ragupathy, Subramanyam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-005X
Thirugnanasambandam, Arunachalam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-2257
Vinayagam, Varathan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9226-447X
Sneha, Ragupathy https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1882-6287
Newmaster, Steven G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8707-7769
Funding for this research was provided by:
Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Health Product Research Alliance, University of Guelph (053312, 053312, 053312, 053312, 053312)
Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 16 July 2025
First Online: 4 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Health Product Research Alliance, University of Guelph, grant number 053312.
: The authors confirm that Dr Ragupathy is the trained taxonomist who identified all plants. All the vouchers are recorded in Table , and their metadata are listed in Table S3. The specimens were deposited at the Natural Health Products Research Alliance, University of Guelph. The plants used in this study are common, commercially available species that do not require any permits/permissions/licenses.