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Article History

Received: 19 March 2025

Accepted: 17 July 2025

First Online: 20 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All subjects gave their “informed consent” for the publication of details within the text (“informed consent”) to be published in the above Journal and Article. Written “informed consent” was obtained from all authors for the publication of this manuscript.

: The Institutional Ethics and Guideline Committee of the University of Sargodha (Approval No. 128-H33/2019 UOS) has allowed all the protocols used in this experiment. All the experimental methods of this study followed all the appropriate guidance and regulations.

: The plant samples were identified by Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad, an associate professor at Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, and Dr. Mansoor Hameed, a Professor at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Voucher samples are available from the Department of Botany, University of Sargodha (SB2020/211–223); Muhammad Ali, contact: +923036200205). Prepared slides (number SB2020/45–50) were deposited at the Department of Botany University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.