Thomas, Andrew G.
Costello, William
Bendixen, Mons
Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen
Apostolou, Menelaos
Bártová, Klára
Burýšek, Ondřej
Lowe, Rob
Jonason, Peter
Kowal, Marta
de Moraes, Yago Luksevicius
Jiaqing, O.
Sorokowski, Piotr
Sulikowski, Danielle
Štěrbová, Zuzana
Valentova, Jaroslava Varella
Varella, Marco Antonio Correa
Wang, Yan
Wisman, Arnaud
Wright, Paula
Stewart-Williams, Steve
Funding for this research was provided by:
Swansea University
IDN Being Human Lab
Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) START scholarship
Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education
Aberystwyth University
The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (315952/2021-0)
Fudan University
Article History
Received: 28 January 2025
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All studies were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. For Study 3, additional IRB approval was sought by Menelaos Apostolou (University of Nicosia Social Sciences Ethical Review Board), Danielle Sulikowski (Charles Sturt University Human Research Ethics Committee), Yan Wang (The Institutional Review Board in the School of Social Development and Public Policy), and Jiaqing O (Department of Psychology Ethics Panel at the University of Macau). In all other cases, local IRBs deemed scrutiny unnecessary as the research was approved by Swansea University and data gathered using Swansea University’s systems and procedures.