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Article History

Received: 16 December 2024

Accepted: 18 July 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Participants, including contractors, building owners, and construction workers, agreed to its publication for the country’s benefit. All authors approved the current version of the manuscript and are agreed to publish the paper.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted as the first author’s Master’s thesis, with ethical approval from the relevant academic review committee (Thesis Review Committee for the Session 2017-18, Department of Social Work at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology), consisting several professors. However, this committee did not provide any ethical approval number. All sources were properly cited to avoid plagiarism.

: Prior to participating in the study, all building owners, contractors, and the majority of the workers who have minimal academic education gave informed consent. Informed consent was obtained from guardians of all illiterate workers. They had complete control over when to call off the interview. If respondents did not want their information to be used in the report, they might also get in touch with the researchers. All authors actively played their roles in conducting and accomplishing this research.