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Authors
Liu, Panpan
Huang, Xudong
Li, Yuzhe
Yang, Xinjun
Chen, Yunshuang
Wang, Jinghua
Zhao, Wei
Bai, Yaling
Qin, Yunlong
Wang, Lihui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Science and Technology Innovation Incubation Program of Bethune International Peace Hospital (FYJHZD202301)
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The NCHS Research Ethics Review Board reviewed and approved NHANES, and all survey participants provided signed informed consent to participate. No further ethical approval and informed consent were required for secondary analyses of NHANES data, which are de-identified before release by NCHS are and remain anonymous during data analysis.
