Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 April 2025

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 29 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Mitsuhiro Someya, and Ryoo Taniguchi are employees of Nakajima Pharmacy and provided the pharmaceutical care records used in this study. Mitsuhiro Someya and Ryoo Taniguchi are employees of Nakajima Pharmacy and provided the pharmaceutical care records used in this study. Satoshi Watabe, Yuki Yanagisawa, Kyoko Sayama, Sakura Yokoyama, Shuntaro Yada, Eiji Aramaki, Hayato Kizaki, Masami Tsuchiya, Shungo Imai, and Satoko Hori declare no conflicts of interest.

: This study was approved by the ethics committee for research involving human subjects of the Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy (approval No. 240118-2, 240618-1). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the Japanese government and the Declaration of Helsinki. The data used in this study consisted solely of anonymized, existing information from medication records collected at Nakajima Pharmacy and did not include any human-derived specimens. Informed consent specific to this study was waived by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects of the Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, due to the retrospective and non-interventional nature of the study. However, to respect individual autonomy, notices about the study were posted in each participating Nakajima Pharmacy branch and on its official website, allowing patients to opt out of the use of their anonymized data. A similar opportunity to opt out was also provided to the pharmacists involved.

: The requirement for informed consent for study participation and publication was waived by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects of the Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, due to the retrospective and non-interventional nature of the study.