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Article History

Received: 28 February 2025

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 2 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards established by the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with all relevant institutional and national guidelines for research involving human participants. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Dongshin University (approval number: DSU-2023-HR-042). All participants were thoroughly informed about the study objectives, experimental procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their rights before providing written informed consent. For participants under 18 years of age, additional written consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences. All personal data collected during the study were handled confidentially in compliance with data protection regulations. The wearable sensor deployment and experimental protocols were designed to minimize interference with natural movement patterns and ensure participant comfort and safety. The institutional review board approved all data collection procedures, sensor deployment methods, and physical testing protocols used in this research.